![]() ![]() ![]() The majority of these trials were conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory OC with average efficacy and limited side‑effects. Hormone therapy agents have been evaluated in a number of clinical trials. Experimental studies have indicated that hormone receptors are expressed in OC cells and mediate the growth stimulatory or growth inhibitory effects of hormones on these cells. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic‑pituitary‑ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancies.
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